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OUGD405 Design Process- Research

Methods

  • Reading books
  • Looking at images- books, internet
  • Watch videos
  • Talk to people for opinions and views
  • Search the internet
  • Email questions to retrieve more info
Source
  • Images- Scanned, blogged, print out, drawings, primary or secondary photos.
  • Quotes- Interview recordings (audio), written interview, interview transcripts, practical observation and experiment.
  • Videos- Quotes, opinions, observational notes, screen shots and clips.
  • Talking- Interviews written/audio and emails.
All of this gives us evidence of what we've researched. Limited to what we can bring and prove about the subject.

Problems
  • Reliability of sources
  • Geographically restricted
  • Legal restrictions
  • Limited time
  • Too much time
  • Costs
  • Subjects may be dead
  • Happened in the past 
  • Lack of interest/motivation?
  • Cooperation
  • Outside limitations
Solutions
  • Geo restrictions- Talk to people who've been? use their photos or try and find similar things in your area.
  • Time- Think, plan and schedule 
  • Dead people/past- Museums, ask relatives, watch films


  • Problem with conducting primary research can sometimes be confidence.
  • People use inappropriate research methods.
Below are just a few work sheets from when working in a group discussing research;







OUGD405 Design Process- Postcard research

Below are a selection of postcards and prints that involve an 'X' to help with creative thoughts for my postcards i've got to create based on the cross shape and using images taken around college. The majority of the X's in my research are illustrations as opposed to photos which would be more beneficial. But I thought I could maybe edit my photos so they look like illustrations or edit my photos to gain more of an effect similar to some below. 

I don't to over edit my images though I want to keeps simple and for the image to be recognisable and not far away from the original. My idea is to use one photo and just apply a different effect to each one. I love the use of the colour gradients because it brings out sections of the photo that otherwise remain dark and unseen. I also love the cut out X's, they could work really well with the images I have, the only issue is there might be too much white space surrounding the cut out edge and it could be bordering too simple.























OUGD405 Design Process- Zines


What is a zine?
zine is a publication designed for a very limited target audience, and usually distributed on a small scale, as well. They are cheap to produce, and are often spread by hand through the relevant community; for example, a punk zine might be available at punk performances, and a poetry zine would be featured at poetry readings. The term itself is short for “magazine,” suggesting a collection of varied written and visual work distributed to readers at a relatively low cost. A zine is often viewed as a news organ of an underground or cliquish community, and azine's readership often has an inclusive sense of pride at being part of the movement the zinerelates to.
The idea of distributing writing and pamphlets which are cheaply reproduced to make them readily available is an old one, but zine culture really began to explode in the 1970s, when numerous members of the punk scene started to create zines, or fanzines. A fanzine is a zinewhich communicates information about a group or movement to its fans, and it might contain things like upcoming tour dates, interviews, album reviews, and other material which would be of interest to fans of a group or cultural movement.
Examples of zines;


I love the simple shapes used on the front of this zine but it's hard to interpret what the image on the front actually is. I see it as a telephone because of the 10 circles that could represent number of a telephone and the blue could be the headset placed on the red phone base. However when accompanied with the words shield it throws a spanner in the works and I don't really understand the reference between type and image. A lot of zines seem to have images on the front that are really hard to interpret or recognise.


I really like the way this zine has been made, it,s just one big sheet of paper which is then folded up into a zine, this could be useful because i wouldn't have to spend money on getting pages printed and I could save time on binding. I also love the design of the zine the way it has used the single bright orange as a contrast against the greyscale images.


There's so many amazing features on this zine, firstly there's the binding, clean and simple with a high contrasting blue thread. Then there's the front cover, the way they've created layers with the smaller flap but still having the designs match up. By printing onto 2 separate stocks it also creates a contrast and directs ones eyes towards 'new york city' before anything else.



This is another simple zine cover with minimum information. It's hard to fully understand what this zine is about, this could be a positive though because it could cause intrigue and lure people in to reading more. So far from the research I have noticed that zines never seem to use full colour photos they're usually greyscale or tints and they're never printed onto true white stock.


I love the idea of a folding zine, especially one that can be unfolded to reveal a massive print on the reverse. I particularly like the stock the designer has used because it's off white it gives it more of an indiivdual hand crafted look.


There's not much information given from this photo but one thing I really like from this image is that the zine comes in a package to protect it. I was thinking I could do something along these lines but obviously make it more interesting and relevant by adding designs to it and making it look less commercial.


I really like the use of applying a coloured tint to the images especially on the off white stock, it makes it look a lot less boring and commercial even with the black body copy. However I really don't like the way the photos have been laid out using the photomontage technique.


This is a very modernist looking zine, I particularly like the use of greyscale with a bold contrasting colour. Again i'm slightly unsure about the photomontage though, I prefer photos to be neatly aligned and positioned in a grid system.


This is similar to how I want the front of my zine to look like, it's simple but conveys adequate information that is needed to be put out there. The styling is very modernist and i'm particularly fond of the lack of colour and the layout of type in to a grid like format, it's very Swiss in style.


Again I like how they've used an off white stock and tinted photos to, however i'm not a huge fan of the type used it's barely readable when in the same colour as the photo. I think the photo should be the same colour tint but the type black just so that there's a contrast making it more readable. Other than that the tones on the photos are amazing, they add real depth when on that stock.

From looking at zines I have learnt some valuable information that will assist me when creating my very own zine;
  1. Never use a full colour photo, use either greyscale or tint.
  2. Stay away from true white stock, only use if necessary. Always try and use an off white stick because it adds more depth and texture to the zine, it's generally hard to work with massive seas of white and it can look to formal and corporate if white stock is used.


Photograph as a document Lecture

William Edward Kilburn  'The great chartist meeting at the common' 1948

Use of the camera to privilage certain moments in history, provides us with evidence that this event happened. The photographer is an invisible onlooker, the presence is not acknowledged by the people in the photo. This is the idea that goes into documentary photography.

In many contexts the notion of a liiteral and objective record of history is a limited illusio. It ignores the entire cultural

'How the other half live' Jacob Riis 1890, it is a push for social reform.

Bandit roost, one social group is viewing another social group and is being told what to think by the photographer through lectures. Air of menace could be read into the kind of men that are hanging out on the side of the street. Crime seems to be indicated in the image, the figures in the image are interested in whats happening 'stranger in the midst' Observed moment that they're hanging about but really they're intrigued by his presence and his technology.

'A growler in session' The image is constructed, got the children to reenact the image and paid them in cigarettes.

Lewis Hine, 'Russian steel workers' 1908. Respect given to them as people, we feel like they have a presence, relationship between us and the men because of eye contact.

Duffer boy' Instead of shocking the viewer by showing poor, he shows real people working, just reporting the situation.

F.S.A (Farm Security Administration)

Margeret Bourke-White 'Sharecroppers home' 1937. Images not seen as subjective they're meant to be objective. Pictures of cars in the newspapers on the wall, representing the American dream but the drama of the opposite of that of the poor boy in the doorway.

'Interior of a black farmers house' Russel Lee. No human presence but instead the wall and drawers illustrate poverty.

Dorothea Lange 'Migrant Mother' 1936. She doesn't ask for the ladies name or talks to her, the image becomes everything. Elevation to religious status because it looks like Mary and her child. The other image provide us with context because we get more background image.

Walker Evans. Image has not been cropped framed as it was taken, aesthetisising poverty, making poverty look beautiful as if the human spirit is rising above the conditions.

Abandoned coca cola shack, objectification of the poor

Walker Evans putting his idea of America to rest.

Imply crampped condition, making of ordinary lives into a museum culture. Creating distance from the subject, construction of the working class.

William Klein photographing immigrant communities less voyeuristic. Captures movement of the city

Magnum group

Fouded in 1947 by Cartier-Bresson and Capa

Camera tachnologies allow photographies to have seamles disappearance into a crowd meaning the subject is unaware, air of mystery in the photograph. 'Photography achieve its highest distinction-reflecting the universality of the human condition in a never to be...

Bresson sees the world as a stage and he's there ready to capture that moment with no manipulation, camera used for its specific qualities.

Robert Capa 'The falling solider' 1936

'Bergen-Belsen concentration camp' Respect to dead bodies, maintains his distance with respect to the victims.

'Accidental Napalm' 1972 Could be read as anti war statement, when image becomes iconic it transforms it, we talk about the relation between the photographer and the subject

'People about to be shot' 1969 Picture and desire to gather it overides any human response to the work.

Documentary Exhausted 'To speak of....

Documentary constructed, attempt to re write american history, subjects were glossed over, a past we have not seen or perhaps not acknowledged 


Avante-garde cinema Lecture


  • In opposition to mainstream cinema, attempt to be everything Hollywood cinema is not.
  • Non Linear/ Non figurative/ Non narrative. Only unwatchable because of mainstream cinema.
  • Open rather than closed.
  • Requires a different kind of spectatorship, open to interpretation.
Films

Un Chien Andalou (1929) Dir. Luis Benuel

Massively influentual, starting point of radical cinema.

Cremaster (2002) Matthew Barney

Going on a quest to climb up and meet richard cerra.


Spirals (1926) Oskar Fischinger 

Lapis (1966) James Whitney

Film at the same speed as the brain waves when at rest. Tendency in the 60's to concentrate on optics especially cosmic. 

Black ice (1994) Stan Brakhage
Mothlight (1963) Stan Brakhage

Brakhage calls his film making hypgoging 

All films in their own ways are challenging and radical, we as artists are supposed to be radical. Design schools are prooving grounds for experimentals and radicals, places where rule books are ripped up and thrown out the window. The same applies to these films, they're anti hollywood and anti cinema. In a way they're outside capitalism.

OUGD405 Design Process- pussy riot research

Basic facts
  • Pussy riot are a russian feminist punk rock group with approximately 10 members aged 20-33
  • They were originally famous for wearing brightly coloured balaclavas and staging unauthorized provocative guerrilla performances in unusual public locations, which are edited into music videos and posted on the Internet.
  • 5 members were arrested for performing at the soleas of Moscow's Cathedral of Christ the SaviorThe women said their protest was directed at the Orthodox Church leader's support for Putin during his election campaign.
  • Out of the 5 arrested 3 were sentenced to 2 years 
  • Pussy Riot's LGBT advocacy is seen in a negative light by conservative Russians; according to a Levada poll published in 2010, 74% of Russians view homosexuality as a moral perversion or mental illness.
  • At the conclusion of the trial, a series of Levada Center polls showed that, of 1600 Russians surveyed in 45 cities nationwide, 42% also believed Pussy Riot had been arrested for insulting the shrines and beliefs of the Orthodox Church. Meanwhile, 29% saw it as a case of general hooliganism, while only 19% saw it as a political protest against Putin.
  • On August 9, 2012, 400 Pussy Riot supporters in Berlin marched, wearing colored balaclavas, in a show of support for the group.
  • Lavada Center Poll translation

Useful quotes
  • The women were motivated by religious enmity and hatred, and acted provocatively and in an insulting manner inside a religious building in the presence of a large number of believers. (Judge Marina Syrova)
  • "They were just very determined. Very purposeful. Everybody was so angry at that time. But what came across was just how educated they were. How well thought out their ideas were. They quoted everybody from Simone de Beauvoir to the Ramones. It wasn't just a silly prank. There was a real message behind it." (Miriam Elder)
  • There's been a blatant disregard for due process: the imprisonment without trial; the refusal of bail; the lack of time they have to prepare the case.
  • What's not in dispute is that Pussy Riot did cause offence. But that was the point. "The church of Christ the Saviour was chosen for very specific, symbolic reasons," says Verzilov. "It was blown up by Stalin to show his power against the church and in the 60s was turned into a swimming pool."And then the Soviet Union collapsed. "And Moscow's first post-Soviet mayor, Luzhkov, decided to rebuild the cathedral. At that time, in the early 90s, the most successful commercial enterprise in the country was organised crime, and he said I need $1bn and whoever doesn't pay is going to jail."It became a very important governmental symbol. And it's supposed to be the most sacred place in Russia. But it's very commercialised: there's a massive parking garage under it, and banqueting halls you can hire out for $10,000 a day.
  • They have taken feminism to one of the most macho countries on Earth. they have revealed the faultlines at the heart of the Russian state, the moral bankruptcy of the Putin regime. 
Sources

OUGD404 DESIGN PRINCIPLES- Colour part 3- Colour and contrast

There are 7 contrasts of colour (to compare in order to show unlikeness or differences; note the opposite natures)

Ittens 7 contrasts;

  • Contrast of tone
  • Contrast of hue
  • Contrast of saturation
  • Contrast of extension
  • Contrast of temperature
  • Complimentary contrast
  • Simultaneous contrast
Contrast of tone

Formed by the juxtaposition of light and dark values. This could be monochromatic

This is a desaturated colour wheel that gives us tone (remaining colour value). The reason we can see the words below is because of the contrast. Both are just as easy to read because the background grey is the mid tone of on the colour wheel between black and white. This means it is equal distance apart.



Where as the word below is closer to background on the colour wheel meaning there is less of a contrast in tone.


Contrast of hue 

Formed by the juxtaposing of different hues. The greater the distance between hues on a colour wheel, the greater the contrast.


Blue stands out the most in the image above because it has the highest tonal value of the 3 when on the white background.


Whereas when the 3 colours are placed on a black background their tonal value changes. Yellow has the highest tonal value in this and means this has the highest tonal value.


Contrast of saturation

Formed by a juxtaposition of light and dark values and their relative saturations



The surrounding colours become closer to grey because of the purer blue making the others look duller and paler. This illustrates contrast working with the dimensions of the saturation.

Contrast on extension
Formed by assigning proportional field sizes in relation to the visual weight of a colour. Also known as the contrast of proportion.
Less violet creates visual balance next to the yellow, the second one is more vibrant, but in both of them the colour is balanced.

The brightnes of the yellow and the weight of the violet means they're both competing for attention, it looks like it is moving and vibrating. High contrast of hue.


Idea of colour having spacial quality, think about things that jump out or recede.


Equal amount of colour doesn't actually mean it'll be balanced, the small yellow stands out more against the larger violet background.

Contrast of temperature

Formed by juxtaposing hues that can be considered 'warm' or 'cool'. Also known as the contrast of warm and cool.


The magenta is the cooler of the reds compared to the red on the right, the warmer red creates a cool contrast on the red. When you stare at the borders on the flat colours a gradient appears because we perceive the colour as cool as we move along the colours, then when we get to the cooler colour the colour on the right looks warmer. It's a trick of the eyes.



Complimentary colours

Formed by juxtaposing complementary colours from a colour wheel or perceptual opposites.

These are two complimentry colours that a high contrast = high value


Even a desaturated blue and orange are high value contrasting because of the complimentary contrast fighting for attention.


The saturated blue blends together more with the green because it has a lower tone value as opposed to the yellow.

Simultaneous contrast

This is formed when boundaries between colours perceptually vibrate.


The image above is missing red (yellow and green[yellow+blue]) out of the primary colours. When staring at it long enough the yellow seems to extract the yellow value out of the green leaving behind the blue.


when starring at the yellow side then across o the blue the grey suddenly turns a slight tone of orange.



 

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